Compaction of the soils of various textural classes in raspberry plantations of raspberry growing region of Arilje [Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro)]
2005
Gajic, B. | Milivojevic, G. | Bosnjakovic, G. | Matovic, G.(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia and Montenegro))
The principal aim of the present investigations was to establish the influence of threading by agricultural machines or people on the changes of penetration resistance (compaction) of the soil of various textural classes in Arilje raspberry growing area. The investigations included two most abundant soil types in the region, which differed significantly from the aspect of their textural composition: young non-carbonate sandy loam alluvial soil (fluvisol) and silt-loam brown forest acid soil (dystric cambisol) on micashist. Measuring of penetration resistance in vertical direction, to the depth of 60 cm, between the rows of raspberry plants, at each 10 cm, was performed in the summer 2005 in two raspberry patches 10 years old. For the measurement of the penetration resistance a hand static penetrometer with cone of 30 degrees and radius of 12.3 mm was applied. Repeated (10-20 times a year, according to the statement of the owner) passages of agricultural machines, frequently in very wet weather, as well as people passing (30-50 times a year) lead to a significant increase of penetration resistance (compaction) of the investigated soils in those areas, i.e. paths where machines and people moved. In these areas penetration resistance is 2 to 3 times higher than in surrounding untouched surfaces between the rows od raspberry plants. The values of penetration resistance (compaction) on the threaded paths vary between 1000 and 5000 kPa. The compaction increase made the penetration of raspberry roots into deeper soil layers very difficult.
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