Human impact on physical and chemical properties of springs from Cracow-Czestochowa Upland (Southern Poland)
2005
Galas, J. (Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow (Poland). Inst. of Nature Conservation), E-mail: [email protected]
The subject of this paper is to describe the abiotic environment of the spring ecosystems: the physical and chemical parameters of the water as well as the granulometric composition and organic matter content of their sediments. All the 25 springs studied were alkaline with pH varying from 7.0 to 8.3, although the southern springs had a smaller annual amplitude of pH fluctuations, while in the northern springs the annual range of pH was much greater. Water in the studied springs had high conductivity and total hardness. The magnesium content was low in almost all the springs studied. A similar situation was observed with the sulphates concentration. Oxygen saturation levels were quite low in all the springs studied
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