Farming systems and use of draught animal power in support of sustainable agriculture in Indonesia
1992
Chaniago, T. | Santoso(Balai Penelitian Ternak, Bogor (Indonesia))
Draught Animal Power (DAP) use in some relevant farming systems was studies by collection of data from rearer farmers' samples based on survey and monitoring procedures. Samples were taken from four farming system types: Dry Land Extensive (DLE), Dry Land Intensive (DLI), Wet Land Intensive (WLI) and Tidal (T). The number of animals varied from 50-100 (trampling) to 1-2 (ploughing and harrowing). Animal days worked per year ranged from 20-25 in DLE to 10-282 in T. Capacity of animal worked ranged from 5-10 days/hectare in DLE to 35 in WLI. Hours/day ranged from 3-4.9 over all systems. High demand for DAP was observed in most parts of Java, particularly in transmigration areas. DAP is increasing in importance and determines the ability of farmers to operate land and to increase crop production and farmer income. Under certain conditions, however, the role of DAP declines, particularly in large plain areas, where highly intensive rice production schemes have been planned according to government policy (North Coast of West Java). Rice cultivation is provided here by strict water irrigation systems requiring the simultaneous completion of planting work. In these areas DAP is difficult to use and mechanisation is another alternative. Land preparation practice adopted by farmers in most rural areas reflected the traditional custom and skills where farmers take optimal advantage of the environment. The high demand for DAP coupled with the variation of land preparation styles, particularly in the outer islands and transmigration areas of Indonesia, highlights the importance of study of all factors which may act as both constraints or advantages in DAP development programmes.
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