Plant temperature for sterile alteration of a temperature-sensitive genic male sterile rice, peiai 64S

中国人. 在两系法杂交稻制种中，对温敏型不育系育性转换的预测一般根据气象站发布的气温报告（150cm百叶箱温度）进行。本文以低温敏不育系培矮64S为研究材料，提出以直接测量植株育性敏感部位的温度或其周围气温来监测不育系的育性转换的方法，比大气温度预测法更直接和准确。用不同类型温度及持续时间模拟低温敏不育系培矮64S的育性量化模型。以20 cm高度处连续3 d平均植株茎温或气温表示育性转换温度指标效果最好。以20 cm连续3 d平均茎温作为指标时，培矮64S的育性转换上限温度为22.8℃，最适可育温度为22.5℃，育性转换下限温度为21.7℃。以20 cm连续3 d平均气温为指标时，培矮64S的育性转换上限温度为23.2℃，最适可育温度为21.8℃，育性转换下限温度为21.5℃。可以根据本指标对制种田不育系进行育性监测并通过对制种稻田的小气候进行即时调控来保障和提高制种种子纯度，从而降低两系法杂交稻制种风险。本研究还建立了20 cm茎温和气温的统计预报模型，可以根据制种田灌溉时的进水口和出水口水温和气象台报告的百叶箱温度及云量估算20 cm茎温或气温，实现对低温危害的调节和评估。

英语. The forecast of sterile alteration for temperature-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) two-line hybrid rice seed production was traditionally based on a screen temperature determined by the weather station. The paper put forward a new approach based on plant temperature, which proved to be more exact and direct than the traditional method. Researchers simulated the self-seeded setting rate of a widely used TGMS line, Peiai 64S by using several temperature parameters and durations. The results showed that the fertility was affected directly by plant temperature at height of 20 cm or the air temperature around it by duration of three days. Using the stem temperature of three days at height of 20 cm as simulated parameter, the fertility of Peiai64S had the maximum, minimum and adaptive temperature as 22.8℃, 21.7℃ and 22.5℃, respectively，whereas 23.2℃, 21.5℃ and 21.8℃, respectively, when using the air temperature of three days around the height of 20 cm as parameter. Such temperature indices can be used to conclude the sterile alteration of TGMS for safeguarding seed production of two-line hybrid rice. The paper established a model for concluding plant temperature by temperatures of water inflow and outflow, air temperature and cloudage.