Profile analysis of the proteome of the eggs of the higher royal jelly producing bees (Apis mellifera L.)

中国人. 对中国特有王浆高产蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)工蜂的3 d卵期进行蛋白质组研究，以探明该蜂种卵期不同发育阶段蛋白质表达调控方面的一些特点。 采用双向电泳法对王浆高产蜜蜂工蜂卵期蛋白质组进行研究。卵期发育的3 d中，按顺序分别检测到160个、195个、176个蛋白，这些蛋白的分子量在17～80 kD之间，等电点范围在4.00～8.40之间。其中44个蛋白在３ d的卵期中均有表达，36%的共有蛋白随卵期发育呈上调趋势，而14%的共有蛋白随卵期发育呈下调趋势，另有39%的共有蛋白表达量在2日龄达到顶峰。结果还显示每天分别有89个、77个和80个特异的蛋白表达。除共有及特有蛋白外，还有24个蛋白在1日龄和2日龄表达而在3日龄关闭；49个蛋白在2日龄和3日龄表达而在1日龄关闭；仅有3个蛋白斑点是在2日龄关闭，而在1日龄和3日龄表达。卵期发育是一个动态有序的基因调控与表达过程，且发育第2天的卵蛋白表达最活跃；卵期3 d中共有的表达显示这些蛋白是调控王浆高产蜜蜂卵期发育必需的保守蛋白；不同阶段表达的特异性蛋白说明不同发育阶段的卵需要特异的蛋白来调控。

英语. Protein composition of royal jelly bee’s (Apis mellifera L.) egg development was investigated. This pioneer study was conducted to separate and quantify proteins of the eggs of the higher producing royal jelly worker bees. The study used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis along with their three days development. The results showed that 160, 195 and 176 proteins with wide rang of molecular weight (17-80kD) and relatively narrow scope of pI (4.00-8.40) could be detected on day1, day2 and day3 respectively during the developmental process of the egg. Meanwhile 44 protein spots were constantly detected along with the egg development, among them 36 percent were in up trend along with the egg development, 14 percent were in down trend along with the development of the egg, and 39 percent were of the largest expressed volume on day 2. In addition, the specific proteins were expressed on day 1, day 2 and day 3 (89, 77, 80 respectively). Besides the coexistent and specific proteins, 24 proteins were expressed on day 1 and day 2 but silenced on day 3. As many as 49 proteins were expressed on day 2 and day 3 but silenced on day 1, only 3 proteins were expressed on day 1 and day 3 but silenced on day 2. The results indicate that the egg development is a sequential and complex gene controlled process, while the eggs of day 2 express the most active. The coexistent proteins suggest that it is are indespensible. The specific proteins suggest that the different developmental stage need specific proteins to regulate.