Comparison between six thymol based formulations in the control of Varroa destructor (Anderson et Trueman) in Greece [Apis mellifera L.]
2005
Nanetti, A. (Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA) - Istituto Nazionale di Apicoltura, Bologna (Italy)) | Bacandritsos, N. (National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), Athens (Greece). Inst. of Veterinary Research) | Papanastasiou, I. (Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA) - Istituto Nazionale di Apicoltura, Bologna (Italy)) | Saitanis, C. (Athens Univ. (Greece). Lab. of Ecology and Environmental Sciences) | Papadoulis, G. Th. (Athens Univ. (Greece). Lab. of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology)
英语. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of six formulations containing thymol against the Varroa mite under real beekeeping conditions of the Attica region, Greece. Three of them were commercially available (Api Life Var, Apiguard, Thymovar), while the other ones were prepared for the purposes of the experiment (crystals, gel with clove and vaseline oil). The treatments were made in April-June 2002. To fit the usual beekeeping practice of the area, the colonies were forced to a broodless condition, that was attained by queen caging and was exploited to promote the treatment efficacy. The commercial formulations yielded high average efficacy, ranging between 90.4 and 90.6%. Crystal, gel and vaseline formulations killed 91.8, 88.4 and 84.9% of the mites, respectively. The mixture of thymol and vaseline was significantly less effective than the other formulations. All the queens survived the caging period, although they were placed rather close to the point of treatment. External observations of treated and control colonies did not put into evidence serious problems with tolerability. Thymol crystals induced some clear behavioural disturbance, which was temporary and did not seem strong enough to exclude the formulation from the field praxis. Apiguard induced lower disturbance to the colonies, if compared to the other commercial acaricides. The acaricides taken into consideration fit the need of practicable, highly effective and fairly tolerable treatments against Varroa mites during the warm period of the beekeeping season. The easy and cheap preparation makes the non-commercial formulations worth of further consideration and opens the perspective to include them into the beekeeping practice
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]意大利语. Sono stati confrontati sei diversi formulati contenenti timolo destinati al controllo dell'acaro Varroa destructor in condizioni di campo. Tre di questi provenivano dal commercio (Api Life Var, Apiguard, Thymovar), mentre gli altri sono stati preparati estemporaneamente in laboratorio (in cristalli, in gel assieme ad olio essenziale di garofano e in olio di vaselina). La regina di ognuno degli alveari sperimentali, che appartenevano ad un apiario situato in Attica (Grecia), è stata preventivamente confinata in gabbietta. I trattamenti hanno avuto luogo in aprile-giugno 2002. L'efficacia dei vari formulati è stata elevata e costante e ha raggiunto, in media, l'84,9, l'88,4 e il 91,8%, rispettivamente, con le formulazioni in olio di vaselina, in gel e in forma cristallizzata. Gli acaricidi commerciali sono stati caratterizzati da un'azione acaricida simile fra di loro (90,4-90,6%). Il timolo in cristalli ha provocato reazioni visibili all'esterno (fuoriuscita di api, volo intenso e disordinato, aumento dell'aggressività) di una certa importanza; gli altri preparati di laboratorio, alla loro prima sperimentazione in Grecia, sono parsi più compatibili con le api. Fra i formulati commerciali, Apiguard ha provocato nelle api il disagio minore. Si ritiene che, per l'economicità e la semplicità di preparazione, i formulati di laboratorio meritino ulteriore considerazione
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