Abundance and Distribution of Cacao Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snell)in smallholder farms in North Sumatra, Indonesia
2004
Nursol, M., Rejesus, B.M., Medina, J.R.(Philippines UNiv. Los Baños, College,Laguna (Philippines). Dept. of Entomology)
The occurence and abundance of cacao pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella snell, and its natural enemies were observed in three districts (langkat, Deliserdang, Asahan) of North Sumatra for 6 months (December 2002 to may 2003). Based on six monthly observations, the population of C. cramerella eggs, larvae and pupae were higher in langkat than in Asahan and Deliserdang. Pods measuring 10-15 cm long had the highest number of eggs while the bigger ones had the least. The larval and pupal populations in farms at different sites were comparable, but higher in Langkat and Deliseradang than in Asahan district. Five predator species (lacewing, ant, asilid fly and two spider species) were found in the cacao field but no egg or larval prasitoids. One larval-pupal parasitoid, identified as Goryphus sp. was found with a parasitization rate of 6.83%. Farmers' interview revealed that the cacao pod borer pest management practice of Langkat farmers was largely with the use of insecticides while the Asahan farmers relied in biological control. Asahan district had the lowest pod borer infestation due to more abundant natural enemies.
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