Metal hyperaccumulation and bioremediation. A review
2007
Shah, K.,Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi (India). Dept. of Zoology | Nongkynrih, J.M.,North Eastern Univ., Shillong (India). Dept. of Biochemistry
This review focuses on the work carried out in the field of metal phytoremediation from contaminated soils. The phytoremediation is an environment friendly, cost effective and energetically inexpensive green technology. Metal hyperaccumulator plants are used to remove metal from terrestrial as well as aquatic ecosystems. The technique makes use of the intrinsic capacity of plants to accumulate metal and transport them to shoots, ability to form phytochelatins in roots and sequester the metal ions. Harbouring the genes that are considered as signatures for the tolerance and hyperaccumulation from identified hyperaccumulator plant species into the transgenic plants provide a platform to develop the technology with the help of genetic engineering. The progress in the field of developing transgenic phytoremediator plant species is rather slow. This can be attributed to the lack of our understanding of complex interactions in the soil and indigenous mechanisms in the plants that allow metal translocation, accumulation and removal. The paper concludes with an assessment of the current status of technology development and its future prospects with emphasis on a combinatorial approach.
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