Integrated Disease Management of wheat take – all in Mazandaran

Abstract Integrated Disease Management of Wheat Take-all in Mazandaran Take-All caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici is a major disease of wheat in northern provinces of Iran. A total of 122 strains of Psuedomonas and Bacillus and32 strains of fungi(out of 300 wheat plant and soil samples)were isolated from wheat fields of Mazandaran Province. Thirty two out of 132 bacterial strains and two out of 60 fungal strains were effective in inhibiting Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici growth. In fungicide efficacy evaluation,Iperidion+Carbendazim (Rovral-Ts) at a concentration of 100 mg/l (active ingredient) was superior. Fungal isolates B1and G4 and bacterial isolates of B1, S16, G4, D5, F12, F13 and J20 appeared to be the most effective strains in inhibiting growth G. graminis var.tritici invitro tests. In greenhouse and field trials, all antagonists and fungicide treatments were effective in reducing the disease severity and increasing yi eld. The antagonistic effects of the biocontrol agents against inhibiting G. graminis var.tritici was shown to be due to the production of antibiotics and siderophores. Fungal strains of B1 and G4 were identified as Trichoderm harzianum. On the basis of the results of physiological and biochemical tests, Bacterialstrains B1 and S2 were very similar to Psuedomonas fluorescens biovar 1 strains. N5 and B4 had the highest resemblence to P.aeroginosa and Bacillus subtilis , respecttively. The Growth promoting ability of plant by the isolates were also showed in this study by using sterilized soils with no additional pathogen inocolum. Amonium sulphate and Mn+Zn were the most effective source of fertilizer reducing the disease severity and increasing yield. Reaction of 150 wheat and barley lines and cultivars (Triticum sativum and Hordeum volgaris ) and also 5 plants of Graminae family includsSecale cereale ,Lolium rididum ,Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena fatua, Phalaris minor, were evaluated under artificial inoculation conditions, Secale cereale and Lolium rididum were immune(0) . Alopecurus myosuroides and Avena fatua, resistant(1) , Hordeum marinum and Phalaris minor moderate resistant(2) , Triticum sativum and Hordeum volgaris with the degree of 4-5 were susceptible. Keywords: Wheat, Take-all, Pathogen, Biological control, Antagonist