Completely study of marketing problem of Almond in IRAN.

Cultivation area of almond is 146055 hectare in Iran, more than 72% of these area are in the Fars, Kerman, E.Azarbayejan, Khorasan and Yazd provinces. In addition the domestic consumption, many quantity of almond exported to other countries. In this research various problem in domestic and foreign marketing of almond investigated, by the use of surveying and registered data. In this study marketing channel was recognized and wholesaling and retail selling margin and marketing efficiency was computed. the herfindal index has been used to investigated the variation of export markets condition. For determining almond comparative advantages in important provinces, We have used domestic resources cost (DRC) criteria. Result showed fluctuation of prices in harvesting season and unclearitiy of market is the most market problems for producers. almond have simple channel and marketing services such as grading, packaging was executed rarely. In this market local buyer have important role and almond export have not last majority. Exception the khorasan province, producer share of final price of almond and shelled almond was over the 50%. Local sale expenses and current investment costs had most share in marketing costs. Efficiency of almond and shelled almond market was over the 35% and 20% respectively( exception the Yazd province). This result showed the proper profit for marketing agents. USA with over the 40% of production and 70% of export, have most role in world market of almond. The share of Iran in world market was 2% and this share had decreasing trend in current year. The market structure of almond exports for Iran and world market was semi monopoly and completely monopoly respectively. Because of the bad climate condition, the yield of almond in 1383 was low, Nevertheless, The main provinces have comparative advantage in almond production.