Light regulation of the photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in Hydrilla verticillata
2006
Rao, S.(University of Florida-Botany, Gainesville (USA)) | Reiskind, J. | Bowes, G.
The submersed monocot, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, is a facultative C4 NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) plant in which the C4 and Calvin cycles co-exist in the same cell. Futile cycling is avoided by an intracellular separation of carboxylases between the cytosol and chloroplasts. Of the two sequenced H. verticillata phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) isoforms, hvpepc3 and hvpepc4, transcript expression of the latter was substantially up-regulated during C4 induction, especially in the light. Western blots revealed two PEPC-specific bands in C3 and C4 leaf extracts; the lower band dominated in the C4 and underwent post-translational phosphorylation in the light as determined by immunological studies. This band probably represents the photosynthetic isoform, HVPEPC4, despite the lack of the C4 signature serine (Flaveria residue 774; Hydrilla 779). In C4 leaves, PEPC activity increased 14-fold, was enhanced by leaf exposure to light, and showed allosteric regulation. Glucose-6-phosphate acted as a positive effector, but malate was inhibitory, with Isub(50) values of 0.4 and 0.2 mM in the light and dark, respectively, similar to those of other C4 PEPC isoforms. In contrast, in C3 leaves, transcript expression of both isoforms was weak, with little evidence of diel regulation, and the PEPC proteins showed essentially no indication of phosphorylation. PEPC activity in C3 leaves was low, light independent and followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It was tolerant to malate, with 10-fold higher Isub(50) values than the PEPC from C4 leaves. These data suggest that hvpepc4 encodes the C4 photosynthetic PEPC, and hvpepc3 encodes an anaplerotic form.
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