Protectin of direct-seeded rice with Canadex Acc-A chemically stabilized copper formulation
2006
Vigers, G.A., Golden Associates Ltd. 4200 Still Creek Drive, Burnaby, B.C. (Canada) | Joshi, R.C., Philippine Rice Research Inst., Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines)
Copper is a potent toxicant when dissolved in water to produce its biologically active form, copric ion (Cu2+). Copper is an essential trace nutrient for all living organisms, and occurs naturally and ubiquitously in the earth's crust. Natural compounds of copper, e.g. copper sulfate (Cu2SO4), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2), and other copper-based products tend to be unstable and precipitate from standing solutions, or are counteracted by high hardness and alkalinity. These features have led to the formulation of wettable powders that, because of latent instability of the active ingredient, provide varying degrees of efficacy for agricultural crop protection. On the plus side, copper products are environmentally benign in many applications, are nontoxic to birds and farm animals, and are assimilated by agricultural crops when used correctly. A novel proprietary chemical process has been developed that captures and retains a larger proporti on of stable cupric (Cu2+) ion in solution over a wider range of water quality conditions. This proprietary technology holds promise to provide an effective bacteriocide for agricultural crop protection chemicals and as a deterent to golden apple snail (GAS). This Cu2+-stabilized product is currently available in Canada and is being introduced in Asia as Canadex Acc. This paper presents information on the efficacy and action of Canadex Acc for protection of direct-seeded rice seedlings and roots from GAS (Pomacea spp.) foraging, as well as providing information on its phytotoxicity, environmental chemistry, and toxicology.
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