Biological microelement cycle during potato growing on soil contaminated by heavy metals
2008
Zubkova, V.M. | Zubkov, N.V. | Borina, T.A., Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy (Russian Federation)
The small plot field experiments were performed in the Yaroslavl Region during 2 years. The potato variety Nevskij was chosen for them. The soil of field was subacid sod-podzol loam with medium content of humus, high P content and raised K content. Heavy metal pollution was imitated by hydrated zinc sulphate and hydrated Pb and Cd carbonate applying at a rate of 300, 200 and 5 mg/kg respectively. The plants were grown under mineral fertilizer applying (N, P, K reactants were 90, 90 and 135 kg per ha respectively) and under organomineral fertilizer applying (mineral reactants were the same and manure was also applied in 30 ton per ha). The yield increased on average in 2.5-2.7 times under fertilizer applying and soil pollution did not effect on this factor at that. Trace element carry-out from non-pollutant soil subsided in the row ZnMnCuPb=NiCd. Some elements expropriated by harvest increased depending of a pollutant nature if pollution was. The amount of expropriated by plant tops trace elements on 1 ton of tubers was the follow: Cu 1.15 , Zn 4.6-5.3, Pb 0.3-0.4, Cd 0.08 0.12, Ni 0.33, Mn 3.0-5.1 g. Rather big amount of trace elements returned to soil with masses of tubers and roots. It was higher in 1.8-4 times on non-pollutant soil under mineral background and in 1.6-3.9 times under organomineral background. Cd pollution intensified Cd, Pb and Zn intake to soil, Pb pollution intensified Mn intake additionally to the above ones. If potato continuous culture was used, Ni bioaccumulation was possible even if there was no pollution by heavy metals. The accumulation was possible also for pollutant agents Zn, Pb and Cd. Cu, Zn and Mn export is significantly higher than their intake to soil, therefore it is necessary to apply respective fertilizers.
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