Soil erosion assessment at the concrete catchment using GIS technology
2006
Styk, J.,Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava (Slovak Republic) | Pálka, B.,Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava (Slovak Republic)
The main objective of this study is evaluation of agricultural soils affected by water erosion as well as intensity of erosion assessment (soil matter loss) at the Neresnica river-basin (14 147 ha) using Geographical Information System (GIS). In the GIS, it is possible to combine available data of main erosive factors on purpose to generate a map of potential or actual soil erosion (sensitivity and risk of soil erosion). Empirical model of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) modified for soil erosion assessment at local scale has been used in the GIS technology. Rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, potential of relief and cover management digital data layers have been created on this purpose (conservation practice factor has been not considered in this study). Digital GIS layers have been derived from primary data of various sources (e.g. soil database of Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute) or from already existing digital layers of Slovakia (R-factor). On the basis of achieved results it may be said that approximately 37.5 percent of farmland in monitored locality is potentially affected by soil erosion processes of various intensity (from low to extremely high). Extension of agricultural soils affected by potential soil erosion is dominantly controlled by relief (it represents undulated hillyland in this example). Area of actually affected soil by the soil erosion is expressively lower (only 1.4 percent of farmland) in monitored locality. Relatively large area of agricultural soils is located at submountainous parts of the study region where relatively steep slopes (not available for cropping of usual agricultural crops) predominate. In general, these areas of agricultural soils are well protected by covering of permanent grass which has a very good anti-erosive effect.
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