Genotype and donor plant growing environment affects callus induction in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) anther culture
2006
Ermias Abate, | Mahamoud A. Kasrawi | Jamal S. Sawwan
Sixteen tomato genotypes were evaluated for anther culture response at plant tissue culture laboratory, University of Jordan. Anthers containing prophase-I meiotic stage were transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with 20% sucrose, 7 g/1 Agar (Bacto) and 0.25 mg/1 Zeatin and 0.5 mg/1 IAA. Incubation was made at 25 plus or minus 1 deg C and 16 h photoperiod 40 micro mol/square m/square s provided by cool white fluorescent lamps. The experiment was conducted on donor plants grown during summer and autumn/winter growing seasons under natural condition. The result showed variability among genotypes in percentage of callus induction; percentage of swollen anthers and number of days to callus induction. Percentage of swollen anthers was well associated with percentage of callus induction. Out of the sixteen genotypes for each season only eight genotypes gave callus in both seasons. The overall mean of all genotypes for each season indicated that donor plants grown during autumn/ winter growing season gave higher percentage of callus induction than the summer grown donor plants. The autumn/ winter grown donor plants experienced higher relative humidity and lower temperature. These environmental elements might have affected callus induction positively.
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