Hydrology and hydrobiology and environmental pollutions in lower than 10 meters depths of Caspian Sea.
2008
Hashemiyan, A`bd Ol-Lah | Nikuyan, A`li Reza | Malak Zadeh | Karbasi, A`bd Ol-Reza | Rabbani, Mohammad | Javan Shir, Arash | Fatemi, Mohammad Reza | Rushan Tabari, Mozhgan | Ruhi, Abu Al-Qasem | Makhluq, Asiyeh | Ganjiyan, A`li | Tahami, Fatemeh | Rostamiyan, Mohammad Taqi | Keyhan Sani, A`li Reza | Salar Vand, Gholam Reza | Sheykh Ol-Eslami, A`bbas | Farakhi, A`bd Ol-Jabbar | Amani, Qorban A`li | Vahedi, Fariba | O`lumi, Yusef | Nasr Ol-Lah Tabar, A`bd Ol-Lah | Varedi, Ebrahim | Najaf Pur, Sha`ban | Salmani, A`li | Gholami Pur, Soleyman | Yunesi Pur, Huriyeh
The present project in related to survey of factors and hydrology and hydrochemical features (water temperature, dissolve oxygen saturation, pH, clearance, salinity, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) hydrobiology (zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrobenthos) and survey of bio – environment pollution (oil, heavy metal, detergent) executed in lower 10m in different water larger in southern Caspian Sea in 2002- 2003. For sampling 8 lines number were vertical on coast that selected from Astra in west to Gomishan in east in southern Caspian Sea basin. The result indicated the average physical factors such as pH were 8.11 and salinity12.12 ppt ,and disolve oxygen6.7 mg/l. Average chemical factors such as NO2¯, NO3¯and NH4 were 1.2 µg/l, 25.7 µg/l, 13 µg/l respectively.Total nitogen and organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen were 690.2 µg/l , 667.6 µg/l , 41.6 µg/l. Average silicat were recrded 266.35 µg/l . Total Phosphorus was observed 37.35 µg/l and average of organic Phosphorus concentration was and 20.25 µg/l .Average of Total organic matter (T.O.M) was 4.98% maximum amount were observed in Lisar and minimum in Nooshahr . Concentration of heavy metal during sampling were respectively ,FeMnZnCrPhCoCdCu. Maximum concentration of Fe were determined in winter in Nooshahr and Babolsar respectively 13/3 µg/l 17/1 µg/l. In many stations and different Season, the amount of heavy meta were lower standard of in marine water. The concentration of oil hydrocarborate ( PAHs) in autumn was 0/13 ppb and in winter 0/12 ppb. The amount of ( PAHs) in Southern Caspian Sea were Lower than other parts of Caspian Sea. The average of detergent concentration ( LAS) was 0/036 µg/l that was two fold higher than determined in 2001. Total 107 species of phytoplankton belong to 5 phylum were identified. The numbers of species of phytoplankton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (42 species), cyanophyta (17 species), pyruphyta (17 species), chlorophyta (21 species) and euglenophyta (9 species). The maximum diversity of phytoplankton observed in summer and minimum in autumn. High diversity of chrysophta and cyanophyta observed in summer and phyrophyta and chrlophyta in spring. The composition of phytoplanhkton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (70%), phyrophyta (9%) and chlorophyta (7%) and euglonophyta (1%). Maximum density of phytoplankton was observed in autumn and minimum in winter. Total 19 species of Zooplankton were identified. Maximum diversity was observed in summer and minimum in winter. Zooplankton changes during sampling, showed amount of density of zooplankton in 5m were more than 10 m depths. Total (17 species macrobenthos were identified. The composition of macrobenthos groups were respectively , Annalida (92/7% ) , Bivalvia (2/7%) gumarida (108%) cumacea ( 1/5%) , Balanidae 103% . max . density were observed in Astara and min . in Sefied roud Average of density were 1218 ± 0/851 ind /m2 and biomass 14± 15 g/m2 High density were recorded in autumn and low density in winter . Correlation of phytoplankton and zooplankton with physicochemical parameter and also relation between total organic matter and sediment grain size were calculated.Ecological indicies (simpson diversity evenns diversity and shanoon-wiever diversity) were calculated for macrobenthos. Data were shown impact of cetenephora (Mnenemiopsis leidyi) on zooplankton and phytoplankton and macrobenthos density.
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