Investigation on the best exclosure period for salmas rangelands at the west Azarbaijan

To reclain and improve pasture and return it to ecological balance , several method have been suggested . These suggestion include sowing , fertilizer , storing precipitation , correct Distribution of water , correct management operation on suitable grazing system and balance between the domstic animals and pastures . These suggestion can cause pastures to revive and improve . each of these mentioned suggestion need high technology , skilland fun . one of the effective ways , which is simple and practical , is preservation of the pasture by excluding the domestic animals from the fieled . depending on the climatic con dition this will vary in period . determining the preservation period is most important task in each Area . if this period is short enough to giveb us agood pastures then therewill be no need to use other methods . In order to survey on the best exclusion period for gol Adam range landas , two types of GolAdam range lands were selected . in each of of its to do this research a 5000 m was chosen and fanced . on the two unit study were made three transects a50 meters lengh and 25 meters apart . in this research parameters such as canopy cover , production , litters , gravity , bare soil , soil conservation , canopy cover of classes I ,II,III species and organic material were studied and repeated for5 years . pro duction forage measured by clipping method , range condition determined by 4- factors method and canopy cover measured by intercept method. To determine and study the soil property changes samples of soil were taken from 0- 15 and 15- 30 cm depth and analysed . by comparing the condition of rangelands , species changes and soil condition in the different years analysed and used statistics . in the end the parameters such as range condition , range trend , platability species and their increases and soil conservation determined the best period preservation by exclusion . The results of data analysis show that the range condition were changed by exclosure effects from poor condition to good condition . the the changes of plant species , range condition at the each of types at study years were differentand increased . that indicate the exclosure affective at the range land improve . percentage canopy cover , percentage conopy cover of ClassI, classII, classIIIspecies , soil conservation and production at the 1382by comparintg the 1379 were increased . the difference between data werevery significant .the study parameters at the 1383 by comparing 1382 the difference between datas of study did not significant. So that the 1383 introduce as a best period for exclusion at the GolAdam range Lands.