Investigation on the Impact of Pesticide Applications in Citrus Orchards on the Developmental Stages of Cryptolaemus montrozieri (Mulsant) in Mazandaran, Sari
2007
Mafi Pashakolaei, Shaban Ali | Seied Ebrahimi, Rahim | Grami, Ghanbar | Jafari, Mohammad Ebrahim
Relative toxicity of six common pesticides in citrus orchards against different stages of Cryptolaemus montrozieri (Mulsant) was studied under laboratory and semi-field conditions in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran from 1998 to 1999. The tested pesticides were as follows: Azinphos-methyl, Chlorpyrofos, Etrimfos, Ethion, Bromopropylate, and Petroleum oil. Corrected mortalities were evaluated by dipping and spraying methods. The results indicated that Azinphos-methyl and Etrimfos were highly toxic (%100) to adult stage of C. montrozieri (according to IOBC standard method, those were determined as harmful insecticides). In contrary, toxicity of other pesticides was very low (harmless pesticides). Relative toxicity of tested pesticides against pupal stages of C. montrozieri was lower than %20 (harmless pesticides). The corrected mortalities of third instar larvae of C. montrozieri by field recommended doses were lower than %10 except for those of Azinphos-methyl and Etrimfos (more than %87.5) (moderately harmful insecticides). The corrected moralities of pesticides with the varied dosages on third instar larvae were almost determined between %7.5 to %45 (harmless pesticides). In other experiment, the relative toxicity of tested pesticides on third instar larvae under Semi-field condition was ranged between 5- %42.5 (slightly harmful) and Petroleum oil was completely safe (harmless).
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