Multiple malformation associated with cerebellar defects and spina bifida occulta in a newborn Japanese Black calf
2008
Koizumi, M.(Nagasaki-ken. Government Office (Japan)) | Hirai, Y. | Yamamoto, K.
A newborn Japanese black calf, calved from an 11-year old cow, presented with arthrogryposis of the hind limbs, nystagmus, and gyration of its head immediately after birth. Necropsy revealed some anomalies of the occipital bone and central nervous system. The occipital squama was flattened and the foramen magnum was enlarged. The cerebellum could not be found and occipital lobe of cerebrum was stretched. Spina bifida occulta was present in the sacrum. Histopathlogically, the aqueduct of the Sylvius and the central canal of the medulla oblongata was opened dorsally. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) was made. Compared with other bovine ACM cases reported in the past, ACM was thought to have resulted from a failure of epithelio-mesenchymal interactions at organogenesis. This may have caused the abnormal neural tube formation and anomaly of the cell migration of the mesenchyme, and those anomalies may in turn have caused spina bifida and dysplasia of the cerebellum, cranium and vertebra. It was also thought that the abnormal shape of cerebrum was related to the dysplasia of the cerebellum.
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