Effect of the integration into the EU on the economic results of different types of individual farms in Poland
2009
Czternasty, W., Poznan Univ. of Economics (Poland). Dept. of Macroeconomics and Agriculture Economics | Smedzik, K., Poznan Univ. of Economics (Poland). Dept. of Macroeconomics and Agriculture Economics
The article is an attempt at describing the effect of the integration on economic results of Polish individual farms of different types and classes of economic size measured in ESU. The object of the research has been the influence of Poland's joining the EU on plant and animal production of a medium-small farm (15 ESU), the animals fed on concentrates type, the pig fattening subtype, a medium-large farm (37 ESU), the various crops and animals with a predominance of milk and beef cattle production type, a medium-large farm (27 ESU), the pig fattening subtype, and a medium-large farm (19 ESU), and the milk production type. The results of the research have been compared with the situation of the Polish agriculture, in particular within the context of the agricultural population’s income depreciation resulting from the process of the systemic transformation. The object of analysis included changes in the volume of a direct surplus on the production of cereals, sugar beet, pigs, beef, and milk in 2006 as compared to 2003. The research has proved the highest positive effect of the integration on the profitability of animal production, and in particular on individual farms' economic results on beef cattle and dairy cows breeding. A slight positive effect of the integration on the profitability of pig fattening has also been indicated. As far as plant production is concerned, a strong beneficial influence of the integration on sugar beet production’s profitability has been proved. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that economic results of farms concentrating on the production of cereals have deteriorated after the integration. The article discusses also the effect the integration has had on farms' net incomes. Moreover, economic results of Polish farms before and after the integration have been compared with economic results of agricultural producers of certain types in the selected EU countries. Basing on the conclusions drawn from the performed analysis, the article includes also the prediction of social and economic changes concerning the Polish countryside and farms.
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