Evaluation of bio diesel from Canarium ovatum (Pili) pulp oil and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean) seed oil
2007
Bicol, J.P.G.; Razon, L.F., Dela Salle Univ. 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila (Philippines). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) derived from triglycerides of oils of vegetables or animal origin is an attractive alternative fuel because of its low ecological impact and ease of manufacture. However, some concerns remain about the cost and availability of feed stocks. Studies were conducted on biodiesel derived from two novel sources of oil: the fruit pulp of Canarium ovatum (pili) and the seed of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean). Oil was extracted from pili pulp and winged bean seeds using hexane. The pili pulp oil and the winged bean oil were found to have a free fatty acid content of 4.0 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively. Thus, a combination of acid-catalyzed esterification and base-catalyzed transesterification was necessary to convert the oil to FAME. Pili pulp FAME was found to have a kinematic viscosity of 4.44 sq mm/s, a density of 0.887 g/mL, cloud point of 7 deg C, flash point of 155 deg C, free glycerol of 0.01 percent, total glycerol of 0.06 percent, acid value of 0.31 mg KOH/g, sulfated ash of 0.001 percent, sulfur of 0.02 percent and an iodine value of 69g sq l/ 100g. Winged bean FAME was found to have a kinematic viscosity of 4.93 sq mm/s, density of 0.879 g/ml, cloud point of 29 deg C, flash point greater than 160 deg C, free glycerol of 0.02 percent, total glycerol of 0.07 percent, acid value of 0.26 mg KOH/g, sulfated ash of 0.001 percent, sulfur of 0.02 percent and an iodine value of 82 sq gl/ 100g. The FAME were found to comply with key standards (ASTM D6751-07, EN 14214 and PNS2020: 2003) except for the kinematic viscosity of the FAME from winged bean, which was above the maximum limit for the Philippine standard (i.e., PNS2020: 2003).
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