Water and energy inputs for wheat production under permanent raised beds
2007
Khan, M.A. (Gomal Univ., Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan). Faculty of Agriculture) | Shafeeq, M. (National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad (Pakistan). Water Resources Research Inst.) | Awan, I.U. (Gomal Univ., Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan). Faculty of Agriculture)
A study was performed at the Mardan field station of Water Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad during 2002-03. The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of energy use and find its relationship with crop production under three methods of irrigation. Methods of irrigation were Basin Complete Irrigation System (BCIS), Narrow Bed Irrigation System (NBIS), and Broad Bed Irrigation System (BBIS). Sources of energy input were human labour and tractor. Water, energy and economic use efficiencies were calculated for each method. It was observed that BBIS consumed maximum energy and produced the highest yield. Water use efficiency was also highest in case of BBIS. Similarly combined (water and energy) use efficiency remained the highest in BBIS with 0.55g/m3-kWh. The combined efficiency in case of NBIS (0.51 g/m3-kWh) was higher than BCIS (0.35 g/m3-kWh). Higher water use efficiency of BBIS i.e. 1.25 and higher energy use efficiency of BBIS i.e., 31.69 produced the good effects on economic efficiency and therefore benefit: Cost ratio of BBIS was also the highest (0.97) compared to NBIS (0.73). The lowest benefit: cost Ratio was observed in BCIS (0.42).
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