Methods of transformation and detection of genetic modifications in field and vegetable crops
2009
Milosevic, M., Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade (Serbia) | Taski-Ajdukovic, K., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia)
Genetically modified (GM) plants are organisms to which a gene or genes from unrelated species are introduced using methods of genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants have become an integral part of agricultural production, and increasingly commercialized GM plant species are available now (soybean, maize, potato, tomato, oil rape, cotton, etc.). Since some of them are suspected of affecting human health, testing GMO prescribed by a law regulative has become obligatory in most countries. GMO can be detected on the basis of differences between non-modified and transgenic plants, which can be on the level of DNA, proteins, or on the basis of newly obtained characteristics. The commonest method used to analyze proteins of transgenic plants is ELISA test, based on the use of specific antibodies for the protein in question. The methods based on DNA analysis use the reaction of chain polymerization of DNA (PCR) and can be divided into: the qualitative one - used for the determination of the presence of genetic modifications, and the quantitative one - revealing GMO percentage (competitive PCR and Real Time).
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