[Biocatalytic processing methods of fruit raw materials]
2008
Alekseenko, E.V., Moscow State Univ. of Food Production (Russian Federation)
Some investigations were undertaken to study zymohydrolisis of secondary derived products of fruit raw materials: sea-buckthorn cake SC (is produced in the processing of sea-buckthorn fruits for oil), as well as quince pulp (QP) and red currant pulp (RCP)– secondary products of juice production. A great portion of unassimilable components mainly represented by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, on the other hand, restrains their application in the food production, on the other hand, serves as a reserve to improve their nutrition value by partial zymohydrolisis of non-starch polysaccharides, mainly, cellulose and hemicellulose. Zymohydrolysis involved home-made enzyme preparations of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectolytic effect. There are given data of accumulating soluble substances in hydrolysates under effect of enzymic preparations in SC, QP and RCP. To improve the efficacy of cellulolytic enzyme preparations it is advisable to perform preliminary processing of raw material (processing on a disintegrator, grinding on a ball mill, steam processing under pressure, etc.). The chosen enzyme preparations used in combination with some effective methods of treating cellulose-containing raw materials allow increasing greatly (by a factor of 3.5-5.6) the content of easy assimilable sugars in the soluble part of a product; besides cellulose some sugars which are structural components of hemicelluloses – galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, ramnose playing an important role in human carbohydrate metabolism are accumulated. The hydrolysates produced also contain a wide range of natural vitamins, and the raw materials under study and zymohydrolysis products there is high content of components of dietary fibers.
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