[Scientific credence for applying native agrarian ores as fertilizer in farming of the Central Volga region]
2009
Aliev, Sh.A. | Ishkaev, T.Kh. | Yapparov, A.Kh.
The experience of applying as agrochemicals the products from the Sjundjukovsky minefield (republic of Tatarstan) has been generalized. Lime ground phosphate contains not less than 11.1% of phosphoric anhydride and not less than 40% of a total of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. With 1 ton phosphorites in the soil per 1 ha 350-370 gram zinc, up to 1 g molybdenum, 51-54 g copper, 25-28 g cobalt and 280-313 g manganese are applied. A total over 11 yeas the increment of a single application was (centner/ha of grain units): with a dose of phosphorus 200 kg/ha – 24, with 400 kg/ha – 49, with 600 kg/ha – 59. Fine grinding phosphorites (to particles of less than 0.1 mill m in size) increased the efficiency of fertilizer. A six-year investigation has shown that a single application of ground phosphorites increased the yield of crops by 42 centner/ha compared to the background of NK and by 17 centner/ha compared to the application of phosphorus with particles sized 0.2-0.5 mm. The application of phosphorites at the optimum dosage increased the content of protein in grain by 1.4%, sugar in beet roots – by 1.6%. The application of quartz-glauconitic sand (QGS) substantially improved the agrochemical state of soil. The application of 1 t QGS increased mobile phosphorus in soil – by 3-4 mg/kg, exchange potassium – by 2-3 mg/kg, mobile sulfur - by 0.5-0.9 mg/kg. The value of pH of exchange potassium grew by 0.3-0.8. The maximum yield increments were obtained by applying 20 000 kg/ha QGS once in 4 years. The crop rotation efficiency was when applying nitrogen fertilizer 1 230, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer – 830 complete fertilizer – 1 180 kg/ha. A possibility of using in farming zeolite-containing formations of the Tatar-Shartrashasky minefield and bentonites from different minefields in Tatarstan was also estimated. The doses at which maximum decreasing the content of heavy metals in plant products was observed are 20 000 kg/ha zeolite and 12 000 kg/ha bentonite
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