[Saving optimiozation of biodiversity of drug plants at a population base]
2008
Redkina, N.N.
Twenty five species of drug plants are explored. Their natural populations are from the Southern Urals and other regions of the Russian Federation and some populations are grown under introduction in the Republic Bashkortostan. Parameters of population diversity are studied depending on ecolological and geographical areal structure, bioecological indices of species and population state and also depending on that if the population is isolated or it is introduced. A taxonomic status of some species is specified using molecular markers. The species with rather wide spread areal and big population number (Aconitum lycoctonum, Thalictrim simplex, Th. minus, Quercus robur) have a low level of interpopulation differentiation. Strong interpopulation subdivision is characterized for species with narrow areals (Rhodiola iremelica, Inula helenium) or for species propagating mainly by vegetative reproduction (Cerasus fruticosa, Clycyrrhiza korshinskyi, Juniperus sabina). Protection policy of some rare species growing in the Republic Bashkortostan is developed. It is recommended to create artificial populations and their follow reintroduction into nature for Rhodiola iremelica which genofond is strongly degraded. The genofond of Clycyrrhiza korshinskyi, Inula helenium, Juniperus sabina, Paeonia hybrida is able for self reproduction therefore it is necessary to protect the species in their natural sites. Delphinium uralense, an endemic of the Sothern Urals, maintains its biodiversity due to spontaneous hybridization, that is why their sites need to be protected in the co-locating zone. Significant changes of the natural population genofond can be a danger at introducing of drug plants in consequence of using a narrow base of genetic material and of uncontrolled hybridization of close taxons in the conditions ex situ. It is necessary to make artificially clone samples, having unique multilocus genotypes, for maintaining biodiversity of the species of mainly vegetative propagation and to use them wider in breeding.
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