First appearance of Monilinia fructicola in a Swiss stone fruit orchard | Première apparition de Monilinia fructicola dans un verger de fruits à noyau en Suisse
2009
Patocchi, A. | Bünter, M. | Gerber, A. | Hilber-Bodmer, M., Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Waedenswil ACW, Waedenswil (Switzerland)
Monilinia fructicola (anamorph Monilia fructicola) is a particularly aggressive species of Monilia attacking flowers, twigs as well as fruits. In some regions of USA the fungus undergoes sexual reproduction. For this reason, the pathogen could develop faster fungicide resistances than M. fructigena and M. laxa, for which the sexual cycle seams to be marginal. In Europe, this fungus is considered a quarantine organism. In former ACW studies, the pathogen was found on imported stone fruits, but never in Swiss orchards. The M. fructicola monitoring presented in this paper aimed to verify if the pathogen meanwhile established in Swiss orchards. In total 222 apricots fromWalliser orchards have been molecularly tested. Most of the samples were infected either with M. fructigena or M. laxa, but 10 samples (4.5%) were infected with M. fructicola, all originating from the same orchard. To confirm this discovery, different tests proposed by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) have been performed. All the tests confirmed that M. fructicola has been found for the first time in a Swiss orchard.
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