Genetic diversity, specificity and population differentiation of soybean cultivars in Asia

中国人. 【目的】研究亚洲大豆栽培品种地理群体的遗传多样性、特异性和群体分化。【方法】应用大豆基因组64对SSR分子标记技术,对亚洲216份栽培大豆品种遗传变异进行分析。【结果】亚洲大豆栽培品种遗传多样性丰富,地理群体（中国东北、中国黄淮、中国南方、朝鲜半岛、东南亚、南亚）间存在较多互补等位变异数,最多的在中国黄淮与南亚群体间;各地理群体拥有各自特有或特缺的等位变异。亚洲大豆全群SSR标记遗传距离聚类（聚成6类）与地理群体分类间有极显著相关性,地理分群有其相应的遗传基础。亚洲全群由2类血缘组成,分别占中国国内和国外2大类群的绝大部分;地理群体间2类血缘组成的差异明显。国内与国外各群体间以中国南方与东南亚群体间分化最小;国外群以东南亚与朝鲜半岛群体间分化最小;国内群以中国黄淮与中国南方群体分化最小。【结论】亚洲大豆栽培品种地理群体间具有位点和等位变异的特异性,各群体间可以相互补充的位点及其等位变异甚丰富,利用国外栽培品种可以拓宽中国品种的遗传基础。

英语. [ Objective ] The present study was aimed to reveal the genetic diversity, specificity and population differentiation of soybean culfivars in Asia. [Method] A total of 64 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers scattered on the genome were used to analyze the genetic variation of 216 soybean cultivars sampled from Asia. [Result] There was a plenty of genetic diversity in populations of soybean culfivars in Asia as well as a plenty of complementary alleles among geographic populations （Northeast China, China＇s Huanghuai Region, Southern China, Korean Peninsula, Southeast Asia and South Asia）, especially between China＇s Huanghuai and South Asia population. Unique and deficient alleles in each geographic population were detected. A significant association showed between the classification of geographic cultivar populations and clustered cultivar populations, indicating the sound genetic bases of geographic classification of the soybean eulfivars. According to the model-based clustering method for using multi-locus data to infer population structure and assign cultivars to populations （structure analysis）, two ancestry sources in Asia were detected, with one composing the most part of Chinese cultivar group, another composing the most part of exotic cultivar group, The composition of the two ancestry sources in the geographic populations differed markedly. Significant differentiation among geographic populations was found, while the least differentiation between Chinese and exotic group was in the pair of Southern China vs. Southeast Asia population, that within exotic group was in the pair of Southeast Asia vs. Korean Peninsula population, and that within Chinese group was in the pair ofChina＇s Huanghuai and Southern China population. [Conclusion] Plenty of unique and deficient loci and alleles existed in each geographic population. Therefore, plenty of complementary alleles were detected between pairs of populations for broadening the genetic bases of the respective geographic cultivar populations.