Diversity and phylogenetic analysis of the D-Loop of three Chinese carps | 3种中国鲤mtDNA D-Loop序列的多态性与系统进化研究

中国人. 探讨长江野生鲤、荷包红鲤和兴国红鲤3种中国鲤的遗传变异、亲缘关系及系统进化。对3种鲤的D-Loop序列进行扩增并测序，分析其遗传多样性，并与GenBank中获取的另外5种鲤鱼的D-Loop序列一起构建进化树。3种鲤的碱基组成中A＋T含量均高于C＋G含量；T碱基含量最高，平均为33.5%；C碱基最低，平均为13.7%。在检测的3种鲤上共发现37个突变位点，其中有2个插入，28个转换，7个颠换，碱基的替换有明显偏倚。单倍型多样性指数最高的是长江野生鲤（0.984 ± 0.019），最低的是荷包红鲤（0.113 ± 0.072）；核苷酸多样性指数以长江野生鲤最高，为0.006 23，荷包红鲤最低，为0.000 12。长江野生鲤的遗传多样性较兴国红鲤和荷包红鲤丰富，荷包红鲤的遗传多样性最低。聚类分析表明，8种鲤属鱼聚为2大支，德国鲤单独为一类,其余7种聚为一类。荷包红鲤和兴国红鲤虽都原产于江西省，但2种鲤最初是独立从野生鲤中通过体色变异分化而来的。

英语. The genetic variability, genetic relationship and phylogenetics of Yangtze river wild carp, Red purse carp and Singguo red carp were studied. The mtDNA D-loop sequences of the three Chinese carps were obtained by PCR and sequencing. The cladogram was constructed by mtDNA D-loop sequences of the three sequenced carps and five carps from the GenBank. The contents of nucleotide in three carps were similar to that in vertebrate. The sum content of A+T was higher than that of C+G. The content of nucleotide T was highest in four nucleotides in three carps, and the average content was 33.5%; nucleotide C was lowest and the average content was 13.7%. There were 2 insert loci, 28 transition loci and 7 transversion loci in 37 mutational loci which were found in the three carps and transition was the major mutational type. The haplotype diversity of Yangtze river wild carp was highest (0.984) in three carps, but that of the red purse carp was the lowest (0.113). The Nucleotide diversity of Yangtze river wild carp was highest (0.006 23) and that of the red purse carp was the lowest (0.000 12). The result showed the genetic diversity of Yangtze river wild carp was more abundant than that of the other two carps and the red purse carp was the leanest.8 carps were clustered into 2 groups based on the UPGMA. The first group only included Germany common carp, the second group included the rest. The red purse carp and Singguo red carp which were originated in the Jiangxi province were independently separated from the common carp by the body colour mation.