Molecular phylogeny of domestic bactrian camel revealed by partial cytochrome b gene | 基于Cytb基因的家养双峰驼分子系统发育研究

中国人. 探讨我国家养双峰驼系统进化及其与野生双峰驼的进化关系，为科学评价、保护和利用我国双峰驼的遗传资源奠定基础。测定了37峰家养双峰驼线粒体细胞色素b（Cytb）的部分基因序列，并结合GenBank中已有的家养和野生双峰驼线粒体细胞色素b基因序列，对家养双峰驼进行系统发育分析。测得的家养双峰驼Cytb基因序列1 024 bp的位点中，有14个变异位点，核苷酸多样度（Pi）为0.002 27±0.001 27，共定义了11种单倍型，单倍型多样度（Hd）为0.820±0.044，平均核苷酸差异数(k)为2.327，表明家养双峰驼群体的Cytb基因遗传多样性比较丰富。构建的NJ系统进化树显示，家养双峰驼起源于同一母系，但与野生双峰驼不是同一母系起源。我国家养双峰驼的祖先与现存的野生双峰驼并非同一个亚种。

英语. The research was done to discuss the phylogeny of domestic bactrian camel in China and the relationship with wild bactrian camel. The cytochrome b (Cytb) gene of mtDNA from 37 domestic bactrian camels samples was sequenced and analyzed with the available Cytb gene sequences of domestic bactrian camels and Camelus bactrianus ferus in GenBank. The results showed that: 14 mutations and 11 different haplotyes were found when Cytb gene partial sequence (1 024 bp) was analyzed, the nucleotide diversity (Pi), haplotype diversity (Hd) and average number of nucleotide differences (k) were 0.002 27±0.001 27, 0.820±0.044 and 2.327 respectively, which showed a relatively rich genetic diversity existed in the domestic bactrian camel. With Camelus dromedarius as the outgroup, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the NJ method. The Chinese domestic bactrian camels we researched had one type of maternal origin, which was of two lineages with wild bactrian camel, and the possibility of wild bactrian camel originating was also discussed. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the extant wild bactrian camel may not be the same subspecies at least in their maternal origins.