Antibacterial efficacy of neem oil fractions on clinical isolates of endometritic cows
2009
Barman, P | Yadav, M C | Kumar, H | Meur, S K | Rawat, M
The objective of this study was to assess in vitro antibacterial activity of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) and its fractions and neem seed aqueous extract on microflora of cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) collected from cows with endometritis. The CVM samples were obtained from 12 cows during 40-50 days postpartum and were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification. Neem oil was fractionated by 2 approaches, viz, by solvent extraction and by column chromatography using a silica gel column. Neem seed aqueous extract was prepared from dried neem seeds. Isolates (20) were identified, comprising mostly facultative anaerobic bacteria. Non-lactose fermenting (NLF) bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family was the most frequently isolated bacteria (25%) followed by Escherichia coli (20%), Corynebacterium sp. and Streptococcus sp. (15% each). Extraction of neem oil with organic solvents, viz. methanol and hexane yielded 4 fractions, which were termed methanol miscible (F1), methanol-immiscible emulsion (F2), hexane miscible (F3) and hexane-immiscible emulsion (F4). Column chromatography yielded 3 fractions, viz. F5 (first fraction), F6 (second fraction) and F7 (third fraction). The F1 (methanolic) fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity with a sensitivity pattern of 95% followed by F2 and F3 (85% each), F4 (65%), F6 and F7 (40% each). Moreover, the neem seed aqueous extract did not possess any antibacterial activity.
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