[Developmental stage of embryogénie callus and cultivation conditions impact on efficiency of somatic embryo maturation] | Embriogēnā kallusa attīstības etapa un kultivācijas apstākļu ietekme uz somatisko embriju nobriešanas efektivitāti
2008
Filipovics, M., Latvian State Forest Research Inst. Silava, Salaspils (Latvia)
Somatic embryogenesis is a plant tissue culture method where embryos are developed from somatic cells of explant in specific in vitro conditions. This is a modern and promising method with a high potential of practical application in propagation and genetic improvement of many forest tree species, including Norway spruce and agricultural corps. In Latvian forestry it is a novel method, and the introduction of somatic embryogenesis will facilitate further genetic improvement of spruce for uses in afforestation programs. Somatic embryogenesis comprises a number of steps having different and specific aims. Among the critical points, which affect the efficiency of this method, are the elimination of phytohormones required for the proliferation of embryogénie callus and the stimulation of maturation of somatic embryos by abscisic acid (von Arnold et al. 2005). Main goal of this work was to develop a cultivation procedure, consisting of several stages, for propagation of Norway spruce via somatic embryogenesis. This can be achieved by effectively switching cell development from proliferation to further development of somatic embryos. The composition of medium and the cultivation conditions for embryogénie callus proliferation and maturation of somatic embryos have been developed by other researchers in similar studies. Somatic embryos were obtained for three calli lines out of five. Results confirm the hypothesis that there is significant and positive correlation between the developmental stage of proembryogenic mass and the maturation efficiency of somatic embryos (obtained number of somatic embryos per gram of initial callus). It was also concluded that the cultivation time and the composition of medium with no plant growth regulators significantly affect prematuration process and the maturation efficiency of somatic embryos. The data obtained will be useful for further optimization of somatic embryogenesis method for in vitro propagation of Norway spruce.
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