[Scientific maintenance of Sudan grass growing in the South-Western part of the Nonchernozem Zone]
2009
D'yachienko, V.V.
Field experiments were done in the conditions of moderately continental climate (the Bryansk Region) on forest greyzems in 2000-2008. Grassy sorghum (GS) assortment was divided into 2 groups for these conditions of Nonchernozem zone: early- and medium-maturing varieties of a multi-cut feed culture for green feed and grazing, hay, haylage and grain haylage (1 group); slow-maturing varieties and sorghum-sudan grass hybrids (SSGH) of a one-cut silo crop for haylage, silo and green feed (2 group). It is necessary to organize intensive culture practices for the group 1 to receive 12000-15000 kg/ha of dry matter. Medium intensive practices are available for the 2 group (8000-10000 kg/ha). It is found out that 1-cut culture ensures the highest content of easy soluble sugars (1930-1970 kg/ha), 2-cut culture does the maximum yield of feed units (9730 kg/ha) and multi-cut culture does the maximum output of crude protein (1050-1080 kg/ha). The 1 cut of GS is recommended to be done at the stage of stem elongation and the follow ones are to be done with an interval of 30-35 days. The follow stages are recommended to receive haylage, silo and grain haylage respectively: the paniculation stage, the beginning of grain formation and the stage of grain milky-wax ripeness. Grass stands of GS and grain legumes have plant protein yield raised by 10-30% in compare with the monoculture. The main cultural practices of GS growing are optimized: the sowing type is drilling method, the sowing rate is differentiated for early- and medium-maturing varieties (2.5-3.5), for slow-maturing ones (2.0-2.5) and for SSGH 1.5-2.0 million of viable seeds/ha; differentiated compound fertilizer (NPK) rates at presowing cultivation. It is recommended to apply NPK fertilizer at a dose of 60 and N fertilizers at a dose of 30 kg/ha after the 1 cutting for the 1 group, to do NPK fertilizer at a dose of 90 kg/ha for the 2 group; to apply NPK at a dose of 30, 45, 45 kg/ha for the mixed crops with grain legumes.
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