Evaluation of the impact of cattle farms on the environment by indicator characteristics of bees and bee products | Оценка на въздействието на говедовъдни ферми върху околната среда по индикаторни характеристики на пчели и пчелни продукти
2011
Zhelyazkova, I., Thracian University, Stara Zagora (Bulgaria) | Barakova, V., Thracian University, Stara Zagora (Bulgaria) | Mikhajlova, G., Thracian University, Stara Zagora (Bulgaria)
The objective of the paper is make an evaluation of the degree of impact of cattle farms on the environment by studying some indicator characteristics of honey bees - Apis mellifera L. and bee products within the scope of farms. The study encompasses the bee season of 2009. A total of 3 settlements within Stara Zagora municipality have been allocated with cattle farms class І with 50 – 100 animals – the villages of Arnautito, Yastrebovo and Preslaven. Samples of soil, nectariferous plants, bees and bee products have been taken from the areas of the above villages adjacent to the cattle farms. An abnormality was proved concerning zinc content in soil for the farm in the village of Yastrebovo. The ecological evaluation performed reveals burden of soil ecosystems with copper - Cu for soils at 3 and 10 m from the farms in the villages of Arnautito and Preslaven. The values of the technogeneity coefficient - Ct help to determine the existing burden of the studied soil ecosystems with manganese. A relationship is established between the enhanced copper and manganese level in soils on trhe territories of the villages Arnautito and Preslaven and the concentration of these elements in plant samples of nectariferous plants compared to the data about the village of Yastrebovo. No clearly defined one-way relationship between quality of the studied heavy metals and metalloids along the soil, plants, bees, honey, pollen and wax has been determined at the three stations – the cattle farms in the villages of Arnautito, Preslaven and Yastrebovo. Accumulation of the studied heavy metals has been found in the bee fecal mass, which presupposes efficient discharge from the bee organism. Better indicator characteristics are noted concerning quality of environment for the bee organism and pollen compared to bee honey.
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