Баланс азота удобрений в системе почва-растение под зерновыми культурами на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве
2010
Tsybulko, N.N., Department for Liquidation of Consequences of Chernobyl Accident at the Ministry for Emergency Situations (Belarus) | Kiseleva, D.V., Mogilev State Univ. (Belarus)
In course of the research there was studied a structure of nitrogen balance in a soil-plant system depending on doses and terms of application of nitrogenous fertilizers. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus on sod-podzolic sandy soil. It was revealed, that in nitrogenous nutrition of plants soil nitrogen prevailed. Efficiency of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and winter rye (Secale cereale) on 80-85% was formed at the expense of soil nitrogen and on 15-20% at the expense of nitrogen of fertilizers. In grain 68-72% of all nitrogen of fertilizers absorbed by plants concentrate. Operation factors of nitrogen of fertilizers fluctuated depending on doses and terms of entering of nitrogenous fertilizers from 30 to 38%. Fractional application of nitrogen promoted increase of factor of its use on 5-8%. At increase of fertilizer doses the size of nitrogen consumption by plants increased, however operation factors decreased. In soil profile it was fixed from 21 to 40% of nitrogen of fertilizers. At increase of fertilizer doses the absolute sizes of fastening of nitrogen increased, relative sizes decreased. Basic quantity (65-72%) of nitrogen fixed in soil concentrates in arable (0-20 cm) layer. Fractional application of nitric fertilizers promoted decrease in migration of nitrogen in underarable horizons. Losses of nitrogen as a result of washing away and denitrification made depending on doses and terms of its entering from 23 to 47%. High speed immobilization and nitrogen fixings promoted decrease in its losses. Increase of nitric fertilizer doses leaded to increase in absolute and relative losses of nitrogen, fractional application - to their decrease on 5-6%.
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