Allelic variation at HMW-GS of Glu-1 in the latest wheat breeding lines and landraces from Huanghuai area of China | 黄淮麦区新选小麦品种（系）及农家种HMW-GS等位变异分析

中国人. 比较分析黄淮麦区111个最新选育小麦品种（系）及39个农家种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成和等位变异，为黄淮麦区优质小麦品种的选育和品质改良提供科学依据。应用SDS-PAGE方法，比较黄淮麦区新育成小麦品种（系）和农家种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基的遗传组成，并进行了统计分析。在新选育的小麦品种（系）中，Glu-1位点有10个等位变异，19个不同的亚基组合，其中3个主要的亚基组合分别为（1、7+9、2+12），（1、7+9、5+10）和（null、7+9、2+12），其出现的频率分别为20.7%，10.8%和9.9%，平均品质评分为6.9分；在小麦农家种中，Glu-1位点有7个等位变异，5个不同的亚基组合，出现频率最高的亚基组合是（null、7+8、2+12），占90.0%，平均品质评分为6分。此外在农家种“半截芒”的Glu-B1位点发现了新的亚基7**+8**_。通过50余年的品种选育，黄淮麦区小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成在Glu-A1位点的1亚基比例有了很大提高；在Glu-D1位点，亚基类型得到了丰富，而且出现了26.1%的5+10亚基。但该麦区含有优质亚基2*_、13+16、17+18基因型的材料比较贫乏。

英语. Variation of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) at the Glu-1 was studied in the latest 111 wheat breeding lines and 39 wheat landraces of Huanghuai area of China. HMW-GS composition was determined by sodium-dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). For the latest wheat breeding lines, ten alleles were identified at the Glu-1 locus, 19 different HMW-GS patterns were detected. Three major genotypes of HM-GS: 1, 7+9, 2+12; 1, 7+9, 5+10 and null, 7+9, 2+12 were found at higher frequencies of 20.7%, 10.8% and 9.9%, respectively. For the wheat landraces, seven alleles were identified at the Glu-1 locus, 5 different HMW glutenin subunit patterns were detected. The most frequent HMW-GS pattern was null, 7+8, 2+12 (90.0%). One subunit pair 7**+8** at Glu-B1 locus, which has never been reported, was found in landrace “Banjiemang”. The results showed the 50 years evolution of wheat breeding in Huanghuai area is useful in breeding programs to improve bread making quality, develop the HMW-GS that is related to good bread-making quality, such as 1 and 5+10. Other types such as 2*_(Glu-A1b), 13+16 (Glu-B1f) and 17+18 (Glu-B1i) are very poor in this area.