A preliminary study on the flavonoids in fruits of 22 apple germplasm resources | 22种苹果种质资源果实类黄酮分析

中国人. 【目的】探讨苹果种质资源果实类黄酮组成与含量,发现高类黄酮苹果种质资源,为苹果种质资源果实类黄酮利用和高类黄酮苹果品种培育提供依据。【方法】以22种苹果种质资源的果实为试材,用反相高效液相色谱法测定类黄酮组成与含量。【结果】22种苹果种质资源含类黄酮16―30种,共计34种(包括5种黄烷醇、6种二氢查耳酮、15种黄酮醇和8种花青苷),其中18种类黄酮在栽培品种果实中未见报道;14种类黄酮存在于所有苹果种质资源中,为共有类黄酮。所测5种黄烷醇总含量10.4―2 764.9 mg?kg-,5种苹果种质资源超过 1 700 mg?kg-1。二氢查耳酮总含量58.1―1 077.5 mg?kg-,7种苹果种质资源超过450 mg?kg-1。黄酮醇总含量52.9―645.6 mg?kg-,6种苹果种质资源超过200 mg?kg-1。花青苷存在于红色果实中,花青苷总含量0.3―284.8 mg?kg-,6种苹果种质资源超过150 mg?kg-1。除毛山荆子、兴山湖北海棠、卢氏湖北海棠、陇东海棠、花冠海棠、草原海棠、台湾林檎和海棠花外的14种苹果种质资源,均含有大量黄烷醇(包括寡聚和多聚原花青素)。多花海棠含有一特异黄烷醇 (RT= 42.43 min),高达1 350.7 mg?kg-1。兴山湖北海棠、卢氏湖北海棠、平邑甜茶、雅江变叶海棠和樱桃叶海棠为高二氢查耳酮苹果种质资源。山荆子、兴山湖北海棠、红果三叶海棠、草原海棠、海棠花、多花海棠和扁棱海棠为高黄酮醇苹果种质资源。山荆子、毛山荆子、丽江山荆子、巴东湖北海棠、红果三叶海棠和樱桃叶海棠为高花青苷苹果种质资源。【结论】 所研究的22种苹果种质资源果实类黄酮种类非常丰富,并呈现明显的多样性。16种为高类黄酮苹果种质资源(总黄酮＞10 000 mg?kg-1)。这些苹果种质资源在苹果类黄酮利用与高类黄酮苹果培育中可资利用。

英语. 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the flavonoid composition and content in fruits of apple germplasm resources (AGRs), to discover AGRs rich in flavonoids, and to provide a basis for exploitation of flavonoids in fruits of AGRs and for breeding apple cultivars rich in flavonoids. 【Method】 Flavanoids in fruits of 22 AGRs were determined by RP-HPLC. 【Result】 There were 34 Flavonoids were detected (including 5 flavanols, 6 dihydrochalcones, 15 flavonols, and 8 anthocyanins), among which 18 flavonoids were not reported in fruits of apple cultivars. There were 16-30 flavonoids in fruits of 22 AGRs, of which 14 were common flavonoids. Total content of 5 flavanols detected was 10.4-2 764.9 mg?kg-, and over 1 700 mg?kg-1 in fruits of 5 AGRs. Total dihydrochalcones were 58.1-1 077.5 mg?kg-, and more than 450 mg?kg-1 in fruits of 7 AGRs. Total flavonols were 52.9-645.6 mg?kg-, and higher than 200 mg?kg-1 in fruits of 6 AGRs. Anthocyanins only exisited in red fruit, the total of which was 0.3-284.8 mg?kg-, and beyond 150 mg?kg-1 in fruits of 6 AGRs. 14 AGRs (except S, S4, S6, S10, S13, S14, S15, and S17) all had abundant flavanols included oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins. There was a special flavanol (RT=42.43 min) in fruits of S18 with content of 1 350.7 mg?kg-1. S4, S6, S7, S1, and S22 were AGRs high in dihydrochalcones. S, S4, S9, S14, S17, S18, and S20 were AGRs high in flavonols. And S, S, S3, S5, S9, and S22 were AGRs high in anthocyanins. 【Conclusion】 Flavonoids in fruits of AGRs studied were very rich and showed significant diversity. There were 16 AGRs were high in flavonoids with total flavonoids (TF) above 10 000 mg?kg-1. These AGRs with abundant flavonoids can be used to exploit flavonoids in the fruit and to breed apple cultivars high in flavonoids.