Effect of foliar application of zinc and iron fertilizers on distribution of zinc and iron, quality and yield of rice grain | 叶面锌、铁配施对水稻产量、品质及锌铁分布的影响及其品种差异

中国人. 【目的】研究叶面喷施锌铁肥对水稻产量、品质及锌、铁在稻株中分布的影响及品种差异。为研究微量元素锌、铁向籽粒运输存在的障碍提供理论依据。【方法】选用生产上两个推广品种(两优培九和嘉花1号)为试验材料,通过叶面喷施不同浓度的锌、铁肥,分别测定两品种水稻的产量、品质及微量元素锌铁的含量。【结果】叶面喷施锌铁均能提高水稻结实率、千粒重、产量及收获指数,其中叶面喷施组合Zn1Fe1(0.1%ZnSO4,0.15%FeSO4)对两优培九和嘉花1号产量的提高幅度最大,增产分别为4.5%和5.6%。锌、铁对结实率和收获指数的影响存在明显的品种差异。叶面喷施锌、铁肥均使直链淀粉含量显著降低且存在明显品种差异。两品种植酸含量均在喷施组合Zn2Fe0(0.2%ZnSO4)下达最低值。此外,叶面喷施锌铁能够显著提高水稻籽粒锌铁含量,两优培九和嘉花1号均在喷施组合Zn2Fe0(0.2%ZnSO4)时籽粒锌含量达到最高,分别比对照提高69.75%和41.65%。从植株锌铁分配看,随着叶面喷施锌铁浓度的提高,微量元素锌铁在植株各部分的含量都提高,其中颖壳和穗部提高最明显。嘉花1号在积累锌方面与两优培九表现相似,随着喷施浓度提高更多的锌将分配到颖壳中。叶面喷施对两品种铁分布的影响存在显著差异,两优培九在组合Zn2Fe2(0.2%ZnSO4,0.3%FeSO4)时籽粒达到最大铁含量,而嘉花1号在Zn0Fe2(0.3%FeSO4)时达到最大铁含量。【结论】通过叶面生物强化措施可在一定程度上调控籽粒微量元素积累,改善稻米营养品质,提高水稻的产量及产量构成要素。

英语. 【Objective】 A field experiment was conducted on rice to evaluate the effect of Zn and Fe foliar fertilization on the concentration of these micronutrients, yield, quality and zinc-iron partitioning in plant. 【Method】 Two varieties Liangyoupeijiu and Jiahua1 were used. Yield, nutrients concentration and quality of rice were determined. 【Result】 The results indicated that different interactions of zinc and iron had significant effects on yield, harvest index, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. The optimal combination of fertilization for yield was Zn1Fe1. Under the optimal application condition, yield of Liangyoupeijiu and Jiahua1 could be significantly increased by 4.5% and5.6%. Under the foliar application condition, amylase content of rice was significantly lower than the control. Phytic acid content of two varieties was significantly lower than others under the Zn2Fe0. Different combinations of fertilizer also had significant effects on grain zinc and iron contents. The optimal combination of fertilization for enhancing zinc was Zn2Fe0. Under the Zn2Fe0 condition, zinc content of Liangyoupeijiu and Jiahua1 was increased by 69.75% and 41.65%. The two varieties had significant difference in distribution of iron. For Liangyoupeijiu, the optimal combination of fertilization for improving iron content of rice was Zn2Fe2, but for Jiahua1, it was Zn0Fe2. When the concentration of zinc sulfate was increased from 0 to 0.2%, the zinc contents in brown rice of Liangyoupeijiu were increased, while that in grain hull was increased and much higher than that in brown rice, and for Jiahua1, the zinc content in grain hull was higher too. With the increase of fertilization, more zinc and iron distributed in grain hull and panicle structures. 【Conclusion】 The results indicate that appropriate combined fertilization management can increase micronutrients content in grains and improve nutrition quality of rice.