Yield formation in the spring barley in organic farming
2009
Petr, J.,Ceska Zemedelska Univ., Prague (Czech Republic). Fakulta Agrobiologie, Potravinovych a Prirodnich Zdroju | Micak, L.,Ceska Zemedelska Univ., Prague (Czech Republic). Fakulta Agrobiologie, Potravinovych a Prirodnich Zdroju
In a fifteen-year experiment with 21 European varieties of spring barley in organic farming system in a fertile area, the stability of the yield, specifics of yield formation and its structure were evaluated. The current varieties of spring barley form their yields by the number of ears per unit area and thus, they are dependent on productive tillering. A great variability in the yield was determined - the coefficient of variation was 28%, average yield 4.47 t/ha, and standard deviation s = 1.27 t/ha. This variability was caused by the great dependence of the tillers formation on weather conditions and on the quantity of nitrogen available for their establishment and growth. Tillering period is very long and open to a direct influence of changeable weather. Furthermore, every year there were different conditions for nitrification and release of mineral N from the soil. This leads to varying quantity of N available for the support of tillering. A direct dependence between the available N in the soil during early spring and the period of ripening, and the number of ears as well as the yield of grain was shown. The number of caryopses in an ear had a stable range of 17-22, but their mass was influenced by the number of ears, or the number of grains per unit area. The proportion of the overtail grain was over 90%.
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