Heavy metals phytoextraction from heavily and moderately contaminated soil by field crops grown in monoculture and crop rotation
2011
Cechmankova, J.,Vyzkumny Ustav Melioraci a Ochrany Pudy, Prague (Czech Republic) | Vacha, R.,Vyzkumny Ustav Melioraci a Ochrany Pudy, Prague (Czech Republic) | Skala, J.,Vyzkumny Ustav Melioraci a Ochrany Pudy, Prague (Czech Republic) | Havelkova, M.,Vyzkumny Ustav Melioraci a Ochrany Pudy, Prague (Czech Republic)
The uptake of Pb, Cd, Zn and biomass production of the plants Brassica juncea var. Opaleska, Triticale hexaploides var. Gabo and Helianthus annuus var. Maritza were observed in field and pot experiments during four years. The plants were grown in monoculture variants and also in crop rotation. The field experiment (plots about 1 x 1 m) was set up in heavily contaminated Haplic Fluvisol in the Litavka River alluvium (Czech Republic). Pb, Cd, and Zn phytoextraction from the identical Haplic Fluvisol and Haplic Cambisol less contaminated mainly by atmospheric deposition was observed in the pot experiment. The application of 0.2 g ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)/kg and 1 g citric acid/kg into the soils of field (250 kg of soil/square m plot) and pot (6 kg of soil/pot) experiments was realized. The comparison was accomplished between natural phytoextraction efficiency of B. juncea, H. annuus, and T. hexaploides. Crop rotation with and without chemical induction was tested. EDTA application had an immediate strong mobilization effect on the elements tested in both experiments and both soils. In the pot experiment, Pb, Cd, and Zn were more mobilized in Cambisol with initial lower mobile contents of elements in comparison with Fluvisol. The highest mobilization by EDTA was achieved for Pb. Strong Pb mobilization in Cambisol after EDTA addition resulted in a high Pb uptake and translocation from the roots of B. juncea into the shoots. EDTA application increased Pb phytoextraction by harvested B. juncea. Naturally grown H. annuus proved the high phytoextraction efficiency for Cd and Zn. The cultivation method, i.e. crop rotation vs. monoculture, had no significant effect.
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