Changes in efficiency of fertilisers use in Poland in the years 1992-2009
2011
Wicki, L., Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences (Poland). Faculty of Economics
This article aims to present the changes in efficiency of fertilisers' inputs in Poland in the period of 1992-2009. The tasks were threefold: 1) to evaluate total crop production in Poland in cereal units (c.u.); 2) to determine the amount of use of mineral fertilisers; and 3) to define the productivity of fertilisers. The data for the years 1992–2009 from the Central Statistical Office of Poland were used in the research. Production outputs in cereal units per 1 kg NPK in mineral fertilisers and changes in the efficiency of fertiliser use in time were determined from the data obtained. The study uses one- and multi-dimensional regression analysis. Also, the method of division of the aggregate determination coefficient in the multiple regression method was used in order to determine the relative impact of individual independent variables. The research shows that the significant increase of fertiliser use in Poland has taken since 1992, but it was not significantly correlated to increasing the amount of total crop production. Consumption of mineral fertiliser in Polish agriculture has increased by 50% within the researched period, but at the same time the total amount of crop production has increased only by 4%. Crop production, counted in cereal units, from 1 kg of NPK-fertiliser, has decreased by nearly 40%. The use of 1 kg of NPK-fertiliser has resulted in production of 0.35 c.u. in the first half of the 1990s and only 0.23 c.u. in the years 2006-2009. Productivity of inputs of N-fertiliser individually has also decreased, form 0.64 to 0.42 c.u. per 1 kg of N-fertiliser. The higher inputs of fertilisers in Polish agriculture do not result in increased crop yields and production due to mistakes in production technology, for example, too small scope of pesticide use, and imbalanced nutrient supply. The other reasons can also be indicated, for example, very high share of soils with very high acidity in Poland (51%) and high acreage of light and very light soils with low capacity of sorption complex.
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