Estudio de la expresión de género de la inflorescencia y de los componentes de calidad de las semillas en una colección de germoplasma de jatrofa (Jatropha curcas L.)
2010
Corzo Valladares, P.A.
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), an important subtropical oil crop, was studied for its diversity in terms of the quality of mature and developing seeds, as well as of the sex expression of the inflorescence. For the sex expression study, five inflorescences from each of 38 accessions were bagged in 4 different times. Analysis of variance in these floral characters revealed that there was significant variation among accessions and also among environments (P0.01). The accessions where the highest proportion of female flowers was found are JC-5, JC-6 and JC-29, having between 8% and 15 per cent of female flowers. The general mean was 5 per cent. A negative correlation of -0.34 was found between the proportion of female flowers and the total number of flowers. Quality evaluation of mature seeds was carried out on 52 accessions. The analysis of variance revealed significant variation for seed size, protein and phytosterols contents as well as fatty acid and tococromanols profiles. For the first time, we identified and confirmed the occurrence of 80 per cent of gamma-tocotrienol in the tococromanols profile of jatropha seeds, instead of what other authors have described as gamma-tocoferol. The developing seeds and fruits of jatrofa were also studied. Morphological traits, as well as the accumulation of oil, tococromanols and phytosterols of seeds were measured. The development of seeds was characterized by an intense growing period between the first day of sampling and 66 DAP. After this, the accumulation of major components such as oil and dry matter took place; tococromanols also accumulated during this period. There was a severe effect of autumn and winter low temperatures on the development of jatropha fruits and seeds. At 124 DAP no mature fruits were obtained and the oil accumulation didn’t reach its maximum potential
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