Progress of upland rice breeding in Indonesia since 1991
2009
Suwarno | Lubis, E. | Kustiano, B.
The major constraints to high yield of upland rice are blast disease and aluminum toxicity in humid regions, drought and short duration of the wet season in arid regions, and shading in interplanting systems. Breeding programs for upland rice to develop improved varieties with high yield and resistance to or tolerance of the respective major constraints have been conducted continuously in Indonesia. Traditional local varieties and introduced varieties from IRRI and other countries were used as genetic sources for the desirable characteristics. Several improved varieties have been released with major improvements in yield, maturity, blast resistance, and tolerance of AI toxicity, drought, and shading. Some promising lines containing two blast resistance genes and tolerance of AI toxicity have been developed and breeding lines with different blast resistance have also been selected. Different sources for blast resistance, including monogenic lines and traditional varieties, were used to diversify the genetic base for blast resistance of the improved varieties. Cultivation of the improved varieties with proper crop management to achieve high yield was demonstrated. Further breeding programs will emphasize blast resistance, AI-toxicity tolerance, drought tolerance, very early maturity, and grain quality. Diversification of blast resistance has been put into action in the breeding program.
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