Birch forests on Pešter Plateau [Serbia]
2008
Ratknić, M., Institute of Forestry, Belgrade (Serbia) | Rakonjac, Lj., Institute of Forestry, Belgrade (Serbia) | Veselinović, M., Institute of Forestry, Belgrade (Serbia) | Nikolić, B., Institute of Forestry, Belgrade (Serbia)
The birch forests appear as a stage of progressive succession on former pastures and meadows after ceasing of zoo – anthropogenic influences. According to EUNIS classification they belong to the broadleaved deciduous forests. The soil types are district cambisols, pseudogley, and luvisols. A total of 105 plant species is recorded, nine of which are tree species, seven bush species and 89 species of low-level flora. Ecological indexes have the following average values for: humidity 2.73, soil chemical reaction 3.06, nutrients 2.41, light 3.31 and temperature 3.07. Out of the total number of registered plants 40 are medicinal herbs i.e. 38.1% and seven belong to the first, three to the second, eight to the third, ten to the forth and twelve species to the fifth healing property category. Owing to the pioneer character of the birch forests the community is poor in fruit trees, especially in woody fruit trees. The bushy species Crataegus monogyna, Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillis, Frangula alnus, Rhamus falax and Rosa arvenis have been recorded, as well as Fragaria fresca. A total of 38 bee plant trees have been recorded in birch forests, five are woody, eight bushy and 25 herbaceous plants. The average honey yield is 2.82. The number of bee plants in bloom is at its highest in May, June and July providing the long term beenourishment during summer months. The birch forest is recorded on 169.14ha; the tall birch forest occupies 1.3%, while the rest are shoot stands. Devastated shoot stands cover 27.5%. The total volume is 15,238 cubic meter, 394 cubic meter is found in tall forest and 14,844 cubic meter in shoot stands. Trees with the diameter under 30 cm cover 87.7%.
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