To oil from tobacco seed by ultrasound | Ultrazvukom do ulja iz duvana

The monography gives the results of the study of the kinetics of the indirect ultrasound extraction (maceration by ultrasound) of oil from native and ground semi-oriental tobacco seed (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) type Otlja. It has been established that the ultrasound extraction works the same way as the classical extraction and thus makes the application of known models, the model of unsteady diffusion through plant material and the Ponomaryov's equation, which describe the kinetics of classical extraction possible. Parameters of the kinetic equations were found to depend on the comminution of the seeds, the type of solvent, the seeds-to-solvent ratio and the working temperature. The importance of these factors were assessed using the full factorial experiments 24 without replication. The kinetics parameters have been defined and the optimal conditions of extraction have been determined, which has the practical application in the development of technological procedures for the extraction of oil from the tobacco seeds on both laboratory and industrial level. The efficiency of ultrasound extraction of oil from tobacco seeds increases when carried out as a multi-degree indirect and as a single-degree direct ultrasound extraction inside the ultrasound reactor. The yield, physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the composition of oil, depend on operational conditions, the power and the frequency of change of ultrasound and were similar to the properties of the tobacco seed oil from other countries. It has been shown that the tobacco seed oil comprises mostly of the mixture of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids being most present. Tobacco seeds favourable characteristics (high percentage of oil content and the absence of nicotine) and the characteristics of oil extracted from it (its use in medicine and as a renewable source of energy) give a clear technological, economical and ecological justification for the use of this waste material.