Разработка рационов и программ питания для спортсменов
2010
Tokaev, Eh.S. | Miroedov, R.Yu. | Solomakhina, O.Yu. | Nekrasov, E.A. | Khasanov, A.A., Moscow State Univ. of Applied Biotechnology (Russian Federation)
The principles of developing complex diets and nutrition programs for complicated coordination sports (exemplified by artistic gymnastics) were described. The physiological properties for gymnasts are small body weight, high exercise loads on the articular ligamentous apparatus and iron deficiency. As gymnastic is anaerobic sport using glycogenolysis and glycolysis, gymnasts should maintain the optimum level of muscular glycogen and creatine. The medical and biological requirements for gymnasts' nutrition are following: daily caloric value of diets is 60-65 kcal/kg of body weight, a ratio of proteins, fats and hydrocarbons is (12-15):(20-25)(60-65)%. The diets should provide 20-60% of daily requirement for physiologically functional ingredients (PFI). Inasmuch as bad violations in real nutrition have been found of gymnasts a nutrient-balanced module (NBM) comprising PFI has been developed: complex biofiber Ekasia, sulfate glucosamine, sulfate chondroitin and a source of easily assimilable of liposomal iron Lipopher. There have been developed formulas for above 30 products and meals involving NBM for gymnasts woman's and man's national teams of the RF. The diets were tested for 38 gymnasts aged of 12 to 22 years. The primary clinical test has found in 32% of gymnasts a deficiency of iron and ferritine in blood serum (girls keeping a low caloric diet and boys having a sudden growth acceleration). After using NBM diets the content of serum iron and ferritine in blood increased by 20.3 and 61.8%, respectively. Gymnasts observed a on increase in working capacity and staying power, accelerated recovery after training, improves sports results
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