Diseases of Scab Resistant Apple Cultivars at Integrated and Biological Production | БОЛЕСТИ ПО УСТОЙЧИВИ НА СТРУПЯСВАНЕ ЯБЪЛКОВИ СОРТОВЕ ПРИ ИНТЕГРИРАНО И БИОЛОГИЧНО ПРОИЗВОДСТВО
2011
Borovinova, M., Institute of Agriculture, Kyustendil (Bulgaria)
The problem with plant protection of apple is topical because a lot of fungi and pests attack apple. Great numbers of fungicide applications ranging from 4-18 are required for efficient control of apple diseases. This creates serious problems with pesticide residues and their side effects on beneficial organisms. This is the reason to search for new systems for apple protection. The investigations were carried out in apple orchards of the Institute of Agriculture, Kyustendil, during the period 2004-2008. Three scab resistant cultivars – Prima, Florina, and Erwin Baur grafted on the rootstocks MM 106 were planted in 1996. The examinations were carried out in two plots. One plot was treated "integrated" and the other - "biological" according to the general principles, rules and standards of integrated and biological apple production. It was established that the key disease of apple scab resistant cultivars was powdery mildew P. leucotricha which could be effectively controlled by 2 or 6 fungicide treatments at integrated technology and only by pruning of infected clusters and shoots at biological technology. Black rot B. obtusa caused serious damages of trunks and branches of trees at biological technology. The damages by Synanthedon myopaeformis, Zeuzera pyrina and species of Ipidae were reason for high rate of infected trees. Cultivar Erwin Baur was the most susceptible to B. obtusа, M. laxa and E. amylovora.
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