Plant-protecting agents and ecological risk, caused by them | Средства защиты растений и экологический риск, связанный с их применением
2011
Poltorzhitskaya, R.S., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breding (Belarus). The S.N. Vyshelesskij Inst. of Experimental Veterinary Medicine
Mass death of bees in different world countries appears a main problem of 41 International Congress of bee-keeping associations, have taken place in France in 2009. Pecticides and other chemical means of plant protection are considered to be the most toxic substances for bees, causing their total elimination in some regions of the world. Death of bees achieves catastrophic level in some countries and leads to serious crisis of the pollinated plants production. Losses of the bee families approach to the level of 40% while the norm is 5%. Main factors, causing decline of the total bee number, are: application of pesticides concentrating in soil; accumulation of chemical preparations in bee wax; water pollution; genetically-modified organisms' intervention and their influence on the process of bees' metabolism; artificial feeding of bees. Pesticides are considered to be the most dangerous preparations, influence not only harmful organisms (weeds), but also useful entomofauna. From all exiting groups of pesticides, insecticides, especially of a new generation – neonicotinoids – are the most harmful for bees. From 556 titles of plant-protective substances, resolved for application on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, 67.2% belong to the class, dangerous for bees. For safety of bees it is necessary to observe strictly ecological regulation on pesticides application. The best method of avoiding the losses of bees is a movement of the apiaries 5-6 km away from the territories, subjected to chemical treatment. It can be achieved with the help of mobile bee gardens.
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