Analysis of phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of mtDNA D-loop in three Henan donkey breeds | 河南3个驴种mtDNA D-loop区序列多态性及起源进化分析

中国人. 研究河南3个驴种（河南小毛驴、长垣驴、泌阳驴）的遗传多样性及其系统发育关系。采用PCR和测序技术，测定15头长垣驴、20头泌阳驴和14头河南小毛驴共49个个体的mtDNA D-loop区部分序列，采用DNAsp 4.90进行多态性分析，并利用MEGA4.1的邻接（NJ）法构建系统发育树。长垣驴、泌阳驴和河南小毛驴3个驴种共49个样本的PCR扩增产物长度均为444 bp，mtDNA D-loop区的核苷酸多样度分别为2.295%，2.163%和2.799%；单倍型多样度结果分别为0.879，0.629和0.956，表明3个驴品种mtDNA D-loop区均具有较高的多态性，其中河南小毛驴最高，长垣驴和泌阳驴次之；构建的NJ系统发育树表明，河南省3个驴种属于混合起源，泌阳驴与长垣驴亲缘关系较远，而与河南小毛驴的亲缘关系较近。河南省3个驴种具有较丰富的遗传多样性，河南省家驴属于混合母系起源。

英语. The study was to detect the genetic diversity and phylogeny of three Henan donkey breeds. The mitochondrial control regions of 49 donkey in three breeds were sequenced and analyzed. The sequences were analyzed by DNAsp 4.90 and the NJ tree was constructed by MEGA4.1 software. The results showed that PCR products of the 49 donkey were 444 bp, the nucleotide diversity of the three donkey breeds was 2.295%, 2.163% and 2.799%, the Haplotype diversity of the three breeds was 0.879, 0.629 and 0.956. There were high polymorphism in mtDNA D-loop region in the three breeds, the highest being Henan small donkey, the second Changyuan donkey and the last Biyang donkey. NJ tree showed that two obvious branches are taken on in Chinese domestic donkeys. Therefore Chinese domestic donkeys may have two maternal ancestral populations. It is demonstrated that Biyang donkey breed has closer relationship with Henan small donkey than with Changyuan donkey. The genetic biodiversity of three Henan donkey breeds is fairly aboundant, which supports multi-origin theory of donkey breed in China.