Influence of climatic factors on meteorological yield of potato in different regions of Ningxia | 气候因子对宁夏不同区域马铃薯气象产量的影响效应分析

中国人. 探讨气候因子对宁夏马铃薯气象产量影响的时空分布规律，为宁夏马铃薯生产提供参考。选取宁夏具有代表性的中部(盐池、海原)和南部(西吉、隆德)4个区县1971-2007年以及北部(青铜峡、石嘴山)2个市1971-1985年的马铃薯产量统计资料，及对应的各地气象台站的降水量、日照时数、平均气温等气象资料用于试验。采用积分回归方法分析宁夏不同区域马铃薯生育期内各气候因子与气象产量的关系，在此基础上采用产量影响指数法进一步分析不同区域气候因子对马铃薯最终气象产量的影响程度。通过相关系数得到影响宁夏南部马铃薯气象产量的气候因子为4月日照时数；中部为4月日照时数、7月降水量；北部为6-8月降水量及8月的日照时数和气温。利用积分回归法得到对宁夏马铃薯气象产量影响最大的气象因子为气温，其次为降水和日照，其中气温在结薯期对马铃薯气象产量的影响呈明显的负效应,降水在结薯期对气象产量的影响呈明显正效应。采用产量影响指数法，得到对宁夏不同区域马铃薯气象产量影响最大的气象因子：南部为7月上旬降水量，中部为7月降水量，北部为8月上旬降水量。气候因子对宁夏马铃薯气象产量的影响在不同区域、不同时期不尽相同。

英语. The space-time distribution of climatic factors on meteorological yield of potato in Ningxia was analyzed to provide reference for potato planting. Potato yield statistics of representative place in Ningxia including the central (Yanci, Haiyuan) and the south (Xiji, Longde) during 1971-2007 and the north (Qingtongxia, Shizuishan) during 1971-1985, and corresponding meteorological data including precipitation, sunlight time and temperature were selected. By using the integral regression analysis, the relationship of meterorological yield and climatic factors in the potato growing period in different regions of Ningxia was analyzed. The yield impact index was proposed to analyze the climatic factors by the degree of its influence in yield. Using correlation coefficient, sunlight time of April was found to be the impact factor of climatic factors on potato meteorological yield in south Ningxia, the sunshine of April and precipitation of July to the central; 6-8 month precipitation, sunlight time and temperature of August to the north. Using the integral regression analysis, it was obtained that the impact of temperature on meteorological yield of potato was bigger than precipitation and sunlight time. The temperature had negative impacts on potato yields in tuber formation stage, and positive impacts on potato yields in germination stage except in the north. The precipitation had positive impacts on potato yields in tuber formation stage. Using the yield impact index, the most effective climatic factor on meteorological yield of potato in Ningxia was obtained, that was, precipitation in the first ten days of July to the south; precipitation in July to the central, and precipitation in the first ten days of August to the north. It was not so identical that the climatic factor had an influence on meteorological yield of potato in different region and stage.